How does a central bank regulate the banking industry?

A central bank regulates the banking industry through various tools and mechanisms. Firstly, it sets and enforces monetary policies to control the money supply and interest rates, influencing lending and borrowing rates for commercial banks. By adjusting interest rates, the central bank can manage inflation and stimulate or slow down economic growth. Additionally, central banks supervise and regulate banks' operations, ensuring they operate within legal and prudential guidelines to maintain stability. They enforce capital and reserve requirements, conduct regular audits, and oversee compliance with anti-money laundering and consumer protection measures. Central banks also provide lender of last resort facilities, offering emergency funding to banks during financial crises to ensure their solvency and maintain overall financial stability. By employing these measures, central banks foster a secure and efficient banking industry, supporting economic growth and stability.