What is the difference between thermal imaging and night vision?

Thermal imaging and night vision are two distinct technologies used for observing in low-light conditions, but they operate based on different principles and serve varying purposes. Thermal imaging works by detecting the infrared radiation emitted by objects, translating these heat signatures into visual images. This means that thermal cameras can effectively "see" in complete darkness, as they do not rely on visible light. Objects that emit more heat, such as humans and animals, appear brighter in the thermal image, while cooler objects like buildings or the ground are represented in darker shades. This capability makes thermal imaging exceptionally useful in search and rescue operations, building inspections, and various industrial applications. On the other hand, night vision technology enhances the available visible light to create a clearer image in dark environments. This is typically achieved using image intensifier tubes, which amplify low levels of light, including starlight and moonlight. Unlike thermal imaging, night vision relies on ambient light to function and tends to provide images in shades of green. Night vision is commonly used in military applications, wildlife observation, and security surveillance. In summary, the key difference lies in their operational principles: thermal imaging detects heat signatures while night vision amplifies visible light. Both technologies have their unique strengths and applications, providing valuable tools for different scenarios.