What is the difference between open-back and closed-back headphones?

Open-back headphones and closed-back headphones differ in their design and sound characteristics. Open-back headphones have perforated ear cups that allow sound to flow in and out freely. This design creates a more spacious and natural soundstage, with a wider sense of sound and better instrument separation. They also tend to have a more airy and breathable feel. Conversely, closed-back headphones have sealed ear cups, which isolate the listener from the outside world. This design results in enhanced noise isolation and a more focused sound, with punchier bass and heightened privacy. Closed-back headphones are ideal for travel, professional use, and situations where sound leakage or outside noise may be a concern. Ultimately, the choice between open-back and closed-back headphones depends on personal preferences and specific usage requirements.