How are royalties calculated for sheet music sales?

Royalties for sheet music sales are calculated based on a percentage of the retail price or wholesale price, depending on the agreement between the composer and the publisher. Typically, the royalty rate ranges from 10% to 20%. This means that for each sheet music sale, the composer receives a portion of the revenue. The actual amount of royalties can vary depending on various factors, such as the popularity of the composition and the sales volume. Royalties are typically paid on a quarterly or yearly basis, depending on the terms of the agreement. If the sheet music is sold through a platform or website, the platform may deduct a commission fee before calculating and providing the royalties to the composer.