What are some common penalties and their consequences in hockey?

In hockey, several penalties are commonly enforced to maintain fair play and ensure player safety. Some common penalties include slashing, tripping, hooking, and high-sticking. Slashing refers to the act of hitting an opponent with excessive force using the stick, leading to a two-minute penalty. Tripping occurs when a player intentionally uses their stick or body to trip an opponent and results in a two-minute penalty as well. Hooking involves impeding an opponent's progress with the stick and also leads to a two-minute penalty. High-sticking happens when a player's stick makes contact with an opponent's head, resulting in a four-minute penalty. Consequences of these penalties often lead to the penalized team playing short-handed for the duration, putting them at a numerical disadvantage. These penalties help maintain fair competition and discourage dangerous or unsportsmanlike behavior.