What is the difference between open-back and closed-back headphones?

Open-back headphones and closed-back headphones differ in their design and sound characteristics. Open-back headphones feature perforated ear cups that allow air to flow in and out, resulting in a more spacious and natural soundstage. This design also lets some sound leak out, making them less suitable for public use. Closed-back headphones, on the other hand, have sealed ear cups that block external noise and prevent sound leakage. They offer strong isolation and enhanced bass response, making them ideal for portable use or in noisy environments. However, their soundstage may feel more confined and less natural compared to open-back models. Ultimately, the choice between open-back and closed-back headphones depends on personal preference and specific usage scenarios.